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1974 Suez Canal Clearance Operation
Following the Yom Kippur War between Egypt and Israel in 1973, an international agreement was reached in October 1973 to provide measures to reopen the Suez Canal. The U.S.-led clearing effort undertaken in 1974 consisted of three operations. The sweeping of mines in the Suez Canal by naval units from the United States, the United Kingdom and France (Operation Nimbus Star), the provision of training and advisory assistance for land and water explosive ordnance clearance for Egyptian forces (Operation Nimbus Moon) and the removal and salvage of wrecks from the Canal (Operation Nimrod Spar).
==Operation Nimbus Star==
Operations Nimbus Star involved clearance of naval mines and unexploded ordnance from portions of the Suez Canal and its approaches〔Bryson: ''Tars, Turks, and Tankers'', 1980, p. 186〕 The U.S. Navy amphibious assault ship deployed more than a month early, and with only five days notice, and became flagship of "Task Force 65" to clear mines from the Suez Canal. On board, Helicopter Mine Countermeasures Squadron 12 (HM-12), flying RH-53D Sea Stallion helicopters and towing Mk 105 hydrofoil sleds, performed the mine sweeping operation. A detachment from Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron HMM-261, flying CH-46 Sea Knight helicopters, provided airborne search and rescue stand-by support. The main body of HMM-261 had been off-loaded at Sigonella, Sicily prior to departure for Egypt.
One of the first steps to reopen the canal was taken on 22 April 1974, when a U.S. Navy RH-53D Sea Stallion helicopter of HM-12 took ''Iwo Jima'', which was anchored off the northern end of the canal, picked up a Mark-105 magnetic minesweeping sled from the U.S. support people ashore, and began sweeping the approaches to Port Said harbour.〔http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/nimbus-star.htm〕 For the next six weeks, U.S. Navy helicopters gradually worked their way down the canal, pulling the sleds through each area of the canal waters a number of times, to ensure the absence of any live magnetic ordnance. When this first phase of the operations, known as "Nimbus Star", was finished on 3 June 1974, ''Sea Stallion''s from HM-12 and the minesweeping support crews from the Mobile Mine Countermeasures Command at Charleston, South Carolina, had swept a total of 7600 linear miles in about 500 hours of on-station time. An area of 310 square kilometres was swpet in 43 days.〔(U.S. Navy Naval Aviation News September 1974, pp. 34-39 )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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